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Train with leading public policy experts to stay ahead of such decisions. Consumptive-use coefficients are smallest for thermoelectric power plants, many of which return cooling water to a surface water source with very little evaporation in the process. In 2004, 380 self-supplied industrial facilities withdrew a total of 628.8 MGD, almost 6 percent of total water withdrawn in Michigan. Distinguishing between withdrawal and use may also be important for understanding the impact of withdrawals on hydrologic systems. Public supply refers to fresh water withdrawn by community public water suppliers that furnish water to at least 25 people or have a minimum of 15 service connections. During that year, these water users together withdrew more than 10,948 million gallons of water per day. Because domestic users are not required to report withdrawals in Michigan, the USGS uses data on public supply withdrawals and population to estimate domestic use for Michigan. Also, creating and maintaining an inventory of water withdrawals and water uses is an important part of complying with the Great Lakes–St. All of these issues increase the uncertainty in estimates of domestic withdrawals and in estimates of total water withdrawals. However, this does not mean that 1,121,066 private residential wells were used in 1990, since the Census included in this count those cases where up to four separate housing units were using the same well (U.S. Census, 1990). For questions about accessibility and/or if you need additional accommodations for a specific document, please send an email to ANR Communications & Marketing at anrcommunications@anr.msu.edu. (U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268). Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. 443K likes. For example, the USGS defines water use as water withdrawn or diverted from surface water and ground water sources (Hutson et al., 2004). Return flow – water that reaches a groundwater or surface water source after release from the point of use and thus becomes available for further use. Total withdrawals for irrigation were only about three percent of thermoelectric withdrawals. 2004 estimated water withdrawals for agricultural irrigation in Michigan, by county. Water withdrawals for self-supplied industrial manufacturing in Michigan 2004. 444K likes. “An open cooling system, such as once-through cooling, withdraws water continuously from a natural water body, circulates the water through condensers in the plant once to remove waste heat, then discharges the water back into a receiving water body. (2009). (2009). The 1990 Census of Population and Housing included information on the number of households relying upon private wells5 , but that data series was discontinued with the 2000 Census. Of the total 290.3 MGD of water withdrawn for irrigation use in 2004, 88 percent was for agriculture. The Hinrich Foundation Sustainable Trade Index 2020, commissioned to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), examines the role of sustainable trade for … But the number of residents served by public water supplies is based on the number of residential connections reported by public water systems multiplied by an estimate of persons per household. Major outdoor uses include watering lawns and gardens. Estimated use of water in the U.S. in 1995. Retrieved from www.census.gov/popest/states/NSTann-est.html, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). National and state population estimates, annual population estimates 2000-2009. However, the USGS estimates withdrawals for livestock uses in Michigan at 84.9 million GPD for 2005 (Kenny et al., 2009). Total water withdrawals by source, Figure 2. The Great Lakes, inland lakes and streams, and groundwater supply Michigan’s water. 444K likes. We summarize the methods used to compile water-use information and discuss ways in which actual water withdrawals may be over or under reported. Equating water withdrawals with water use is misleading when not all water withdrawn reaches its intended user. While the NWUIP has established a standard procedure for states to use in reporting water use, wide variability exists among the states across user definitions, reporting requirements and estimation methods. (1998). Michigan has 11,000 non-community systems that serve 1.7 million people on a periodic basis (MDEQ, 2009). On the one hand, the study from which the per capita use coefficient was adapted measured water use primarily in metropolitan areas. This data is presented on a percentage of total basis in Figures 1 and 2. Solley, W.B., Pierce, R.R., & Perlman, H.A. deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-wd-wurp-Golf2004. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. Source: Hutson et al., 2004 and Solley, Pierce & Perlman, 1998. Residential end uses of water. This category of users withdrew 250.3 MGD or about 2.2 percent of total water withdrawn by all major sectors. Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. Shaffer, K.H., & Runkle, D.L. Because data on return flows and conveyance losses is problematic, consumptive use is generally estimated with consumptive-use coefficients. Irrigation water withdrawals were estimated based on the 452,800 irrigated acres and 1,568 irrigators in Michigan reported in the 2002 Census of Agriculture (MDEQ, n.d. 1). 3 www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3675_3692-9395--,00.html. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005. Irrigation of golf courses Reporting Program ( MDEQ, n.d. 2 ) existing... 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