concept of information technology

Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940), and electronic (1940–present). data-at-rest". Access study documents, get answers to your study questions, and connect with real tutors for IFSM 201 : Concepts and Applications of Information Technology at University Of Maryland. The early concept of technology as info rmation holds that the technology is ge nerally applicable and easy to reproduce and reuse (Arrow, 1962). The terms "data" and "information" are not synonymous. Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information. Information technology deals with information system, data storage, access, retrieval, analysis and intelligent decision making. Who Should Attend Anyone who is interested to get knowledge in Computers Pre-requisites General knowledge in computer Objective Basic Concepts of Information Technology requires the… No-Charge Teleworking Consultations. This is the physical technology that works with information. IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users. It is a word of Greek origin, τεχνολογία, [19]:6 Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on hard disks, or optically on media such as CD-ROMs. Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. (1986). CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. • Information is data processed for some purpose • Information can only be considered to be 'real' Info if it meets certain criteria i.e. [13], Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. Information technology is a study of the design, implementation, development, management, and support of computer-based information systems that assist with … Fundamental Concept of Information Technology. This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 23:00. Fundamental Information Technology Ideas Concept descriptions Binary: that switches have the ability to represent any numeral. An early such systems was IBM's Information Management System (IMS),[24] which is still widely deployed more than 50 years later. [3] However, the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. [4], The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Concepts and Applications of Information Technology IFSM 201 | 3 Credits (Access to a standard office productivity package, i.e., word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software, required.) Information Technology deals with all the information activities. [11], The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption. One difficulty faced by students on many information management courses is the lack of any attempt to teach concepts of information. Hardware also includes the peripheral devices that work with computers, such as keyboards, external disk drives, and routers. Shelly, Gary, Cashman, Thomas, Vermaat, Misty, and Walker, Tim. The relational database model introduced a programming-language independent Structured Query Language (SQL), based on relational algebra. In this module you can learn about different parts of a computer, as well as some of the key concepts of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), such as those relating to networks and security: – Understand what hardware is, know about factors that affect computer performance and know about the peripheral devices. After the 1940s, the military remained the major source of research and development funding for the expansion of automation to replace manpower with machine power. (2000) on a practical foundation for informed consent in Internet transactions. Basic Concepts of Information and Communication Technology Notes [10] The first recognisably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Baby, which ran its first program on 21 June 1948. * 1. it must… Although XML data can be stored in normal file systems, it is commonly held in relational databases to take advantage of their "robust implementation verified by years of both theoretical and practical effort". Why is it important to understand these technical terms? Today, it is common to use the term Information and communications technology (ICT) because it is unimaginable to work on a computer which is not connected to the network. The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005. information and communications technology, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, Information Technology Association of America, Center for Minorities and People with Disabilities in Information Technology, Information and communications technology, Journal of Cases on Information Technology, List of the largest information technology companies, World Information Technology and Services Alliance, "Free on-line dictionary of computing (FOLDOC)", "Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2000", "Early computers at Manchester University", "How Much Information Is There in the World? The first way I describe information systems to students is to tell them that they are made up of five components: hardware, software, data, people, and process. Management information systems are computer-based methods of arranging information in a cohesive, coherent fashion. Website Powered by 321 Web Marketing. By: Kh Atiar Rahman: A computer is an electrically powered device or set of devices which works under the control of a stored programme. ", "Format" refers to the physical characteristics of the stored data such as its. [32]:4–6, Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception. There are complex trade-offs among privacy, management control, … Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages, was the first electronic digital computer. Anything stored is data, but it only becomes information when it is organized and presented meaningfully. Inspite of our claim that IR is actually documentretrieval, there has throughout the history of the field aproblematic tendency to regard information as pieces of facts oropinion freed from the documents. [8] Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed. These might include databases or other information repositories. Hardware can be as small as a smartphone that fits in a pocket or as large as a supercomputer that fills a building. Basic Technology JSS 1, Week: 1. Concepts Of Information Technology Basic Concepts Of Information Technology (It) - Presentation Transcript 1. The module consists of eight categories and the test will contain questions from all of the categories. Without these backbones of business, it would be impossible for most companies to operate. [7] The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earliest known geared mechanism. Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. [15] The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube,[16] but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. UNDERSTANDING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY This handout mainly deals with descriptions of data and information technology (IT) concepts and terminologies. An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications system or, more specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, soft… Technology is a term that may be new to us but it is describing something which is not new at all. U.S. Employment distribution of computer systems design and related services, 2011[43], U.S. Employment in the computer systems and design related services industry, in thousands, 1990-2011[43], U.S. Occupational growth and wages in computer systems design and related services, 2010-2020[43], U.S. projected percent change in employment in selected occupations in computer systems design and related services, 2010-2020[43], U.S. projected average annual percent change in output and employment in selected industries, 2010-2020[43], The field of information ethics was established by mathematician Norbert Wiener in the 1940s. [22], Massive amounts of data are stored worldwide every day, but unless it can be analysed and presented effectively it essentially resides in what have been called data tombs: "data archives that are seldom visited". * Information is data processed for some purpose * Information can only be considered to be 'real' Info if it meets certain criteria i.e. It has been estimated that the worldwide capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3 exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007,[22] doubling roughly every 3 years. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. Inthe literature of IS there is a distinction betweendocument retrieval and fact retrieval. [18], IBM introduced the first hard disk drive in 1956, as a component of their 305 RAMAC computer system. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC. [14] Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line. Basics of the information technology Information technology (IT) is a technology which uses computers to gather, process, store, protect, and transfer information. Topic: Concept of Technology. [33] It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting, in which information is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications, with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels. That place notation is equivalent to computationally trading space and time (economical representation of decimal versus long binary strings). 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